Ces théories ont été réfutées au cours du XXe siècle et au début du XXIe siècle, et les sauropodes sont aujourd'hui considérés comme des animaux franchement terrestres[24]. AMNH paleontologists Henry Fairfield Osborn and William Diller Matthew disagreed with Riggs’s conclusion and continued to refer to the dinosaur as Brontosaurus in the museum’s collections and in later publications. However, it was not until the 2015 paper by Tschopp and colleagues that the reinstatement of Brontosaurus became a viable possibility. They were suggested to have been for defence, but the shape and size of them makes this unlikely. Brontosaurus was herbivorous and lived on land. By that time Brontosaurus had gained fame as being the most-complete sauropod fossil ever discovered, and illustrations of the dinosaur also appeared in newspapers and other periodicals as the late 19th century drew to a close. Brontosaurus was a large animal with distinctive features like long, wide and deep neck; and large whip-like tail. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Historically, sauropods like Brontosaurus were believed to be too massive to support their own weight on dry land, so theoretically they must have lived partly submerged in water, perhaps in swamps. Holland defended his view in 1914 in an address to the Paleontological Society of America, yet he left the Carnegie Museum mount headless. The cervical vertebrae were stouter than other diplodocids, though not as stout as in mature specimens of Apatosaurus. They assigned two former Apatosaurus species, A. parvus and A. yahnahpin, to Brontosaurus, as well as the type species B. [16], No apatosaurine skull was mentioned in literature until the 1970s, when John Stanton McIntosh and David Berman redescribed the skulls of Diplodocus and Apatosaurus. [31], Originally named by its discoverer Othniel Charles Marsh in 1879, Brontosaurus had long been considered a junior synonym of Apatosaurus; its type species, Brontosaurus excelsus, was reclassified as A. excelsus in 1903. The shape of the tail was unusual for diplodocids, being comparatively slender, due to the vertebral spines rapidly decreasing in height the farther they are from the hips. C'est l'espèce type du genre (YPM 1980). Almost all 20th-century paleontologists agreed with Riggs that all Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus species should be classified in a single genus. (Youtube video, 11 minutes, 2015), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brontosaurus&oldid=979622595, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 21 September 2020, at 19:56. Indeed, the Postal Service even implicitly rebuked the somewhat inconsistent complaints by adding that "[s]imilarly, the term 'dinosaur' has been used generically to describe all the animals [i.e., all four of the animals represented in the given stamp set], even though the Pteranodon was a flying reptile [rather than a true 'dinosaur']," a distinction left unmentioned in the numerous correspondence regarding the Brontosaurus/Apatosaurus issue. Le museau d'Apatosaurus, comme celui des diplodocoïdes proches est de forme carrée, sans toutefois être aussi géométrique que le rebbachisauridé Nigersaurus[16]. and Peterson, F., (1999). Museums made plans to place Brontosaurus reconstructions in their institutions, and in 1905 the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in New York City became the first to do so—the first dinosaur reconstruction of a sauropod dinosaur. Le squelette partiel d'un diplodocidé très juvénile (CM 566), découvert au Wyoming au début du XXe siècle a tout d'abord été nommé Elosaurus parvus par Peterson et Gilmore en 1912[2], puis réattribué au genre Apatosaurus en 2004 par Upchurch et ses collègues[35], et enfin à Brontosaurus parvus en 2015[6]. Benson au terme d'une synthèse de cinq sur les Diplodocidae concluent qu'Apatosaurus excelsus était en fait suffisamment différent de l'espèce type du genre Apatosaurus, pour conserver son attribution originale de Brontosaurus excelsus (Marsh, 1879)[6]. About 14% of these are stuffed & plush animal, 3% are stainless steel jewelry, and 2% are balloons. parvus. Tschopp and colleagues examined 477 individual physical features (morphological characters) spanning 81 different individual sauropods recovered from sites across the globe. Like those of other sauropods, the vertebrae of the neck were deeply bifurcated; that is, they carried paired spines, resulting in a wide and deep neck. The paper focused on family Diplodocidae (which contains Apatosaurus), and their endeavour was the largest phylogenetic analysis of sauropods performed up to that time. [17] In 1995, the American Museum of Natural History followed suit, and unveiled their remounted skeleton (now labelled Apatosaurus excelsus) with a corrected tail and a new skull cast from A. [55] These, and other early uses of the animal as major representative of the group, helped cement Brontosaurus as a quintessential dinosaur in the public consciousness. The use of the term Brontosaurus in place of Apatosaurus led to complaints of "fostering scientific illiteracy. [66], Diplodocid sauropod dinosaur genus from Late Jurassic Period. [5] Adult individuals of Brontosaurus are estimated to have weighed up to 15 tonnes (17 short tons) and measured up to 22 metres (72 feet) long. [17], At the Yale Peabody Museum, a skeleton was mounted in 1931 with a skull unique from all the others. They lived in the Late Jurassic Period between 146.8 and 156.3 million years ago. These dinosaurs could reach massive sizes, weighing approximate 33 tons on average.
The skull was found a few meters away from a skeleton (specimen CM 3018) identified as the new species Apatosaurus louisae. They found that though he never published his opinion, Holland was almost certainly correct, that Apatosaurus (and Brontosaurus) had a Diplodocus-like skull.